Week 01 Dissection Capsule

This was the first time we went to the Dissection Hall. It was a humbling experience, to see how the dead go on to live and save so many lives by contributing to medical study. Even for a beginner week, the classes were power packed with information, so let’s recap those now. Keep in mind these are just a recap of the points covered during the Table 02 discussion, and are not intended as standalone notes, or even short notes for that matter.

Anatomical Regions: –

Pain within a particular anatomical region helps in narrowing down our differential diagnosis:-
1. Right Hypochondrium – Liver, Gallbladder, Small Intestine, Right Kidney
2. Epigastric – Oesophagus, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, Adrenal Glands,
3. Left Hypochondrium – Stomach, Left Kidney, Spleen
4. Right Lumbar –
5. Umbilical –
6. Left Lumbar –
7. Right Iliac fossa/Inguinal – Appendix
8. Hypogastric/ Suprapubic – Urinary bladder, Sigmoid Colon, rectum, uterus.
9. Left Iliac fossa/Inguinal –

Bones of Upper Limb: –
1. Clavicle
2. Scapula
3. Humerus
4. Radius
5. Ulna

Site Identification for Clavicle: –
1. Medial end rounded
2. Lateral end flat
3. Medial 2/3rd anteriorly convex
4. Superior surface is smooth

Muscles Attached to Clavicle: –
1. Sterno-Clado-Mastoid Muscle
2. Pectoralis Major
3. Deltoid (Muscular injection site) – attached to lateral 1/3rd of Clavicle anteriorly
4. Subclavias

Special Features of Clavicle:-
1. The only long bone that is horizontally placed.
2. Two primary ossification centres

Scapula:-
1. Spinous process corresponds to T4-T5 intervertebral disc
2. Inferior angle corresponds to T7 vertebrae
3. Spinous process continues to form Acromion Process
4. Glenoid Cavity on the lateral side that articulates with the head of the humerus
5. Coracoid Process anteriorly where Pectoralis Minor attaches.

Muscles of Scapula(Anterior):-
1. Subscapularis-

Muscles of Scapula(Posterior):-
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres minor
4. Teres major
5. Deltoid

Humerus:-
1. Greater tubercle laterally
2. Lesser Tubercle medially
3. Muscles attached to greater tubercle include:-
i. Supraspinatus
ii. Infraspinatus
iii. Teres Minor
4. Muscles attached to lesser tubercle:-
i. Subscapularis

Latissimus Dorsi Movement (In Sequence):-
1. Extension
2. Medial Rotation
3. Adduction

• Flat tendons of abdomen – Aponeurosis

Nerves of Upper Limb:-
1. Axillary Nerve – Damage causes paralysis.
2. Radial Nerve – Present in spiral groove of humerus.
3. Ulnar Nerve – Thickened in Hansen’s Disease.

Arm Abduction:-
1. Zero to 15 degree – Supraspinatus
2. 15 to 90 degree – Deltoid
3. Overhead abduction – Serratus Anterior

• Atavistic Epiphysis: A phylogenetically independent bone that has been fused with another bone. The coracoid process of the scapula, which has been fused in humans but is distinct in four-legged animals, is an example of atavistic fused bones.

Article to be further updated….
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