Pharmacology

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Table Of Contents
  1. Aetcom
  2. Clinicals
  3. Paper 01
  4. Paper 02

¡¡¡NB!!! This is NOT a Comprehensive List! There are still more, and they will be added and updated regularly. Also, clicking on the topics will take you to its answer once I add them ,which again, will happen periodically.

Aetcom

  1. Empathy: Definition⭐⭐
  2. Empathy: Role in terminally ill patient⭐⭐
  3. Role of Autonomy & Shared Responsibility as a guiding principle in patient care⭐⭐
  4. Informed Consent
  5. Ethical Principles to follow in prescription writing and how to communicate the same to the patient⭐⭐

Clinicals

Find all commonly and previously asked pharmacology clinical case-based questions here.

Paper 01

Respiratory

Essay

  1. Bronchial Asthma⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes

  1. Bronchial Asthma: Classify Drugs⭐
  2. Bronchial Asthma: Role of Corticosteroids⭐⭐⭐
  3. Acute Severe Asthma: Management⭐
  4. Bronchodilators⭐⭐
  5. Bronchodilators: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐
  6. Bronchodilators: Adverse Effects⭐⭐
  7. Bronchodilators: uses⭐⭐
  8. Omalizumab
  9. Theophylline: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Theophylline: Pharmacological Actions
  11. Theophylline: Adverse effects⭐⭐⭐⭐
  12. Theophylline: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐
  13. Mast Cell Stabilisers: Enumerate, Uses ⭐⭐⭐
  14. Status Asthmaticus⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  15. Status Asthmaticus: Emergency Drugs Utilised⭐⭐
  16. Status Asthmaticus: Salbutamol Vs Salmeterol⭐⭐
  17. Dry Cough: Enumerate drugs and their adverse effects⭐⭐⭐
  18. Salbutamol⭐
  19. Montelukast⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  20. Inhalational Anti Asthmatic Drugs⭐
  21. Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma⭐⭐⭐
  22. Sodium Chromoglycate⭐⭐⭐
  23. Disodium Chromoglycate
  24. Leukotriene Antagonists⭐⭐⭐
  25. Leukotriene Modifiers⭐
  26. Antitussives⭐⭐
  27. Codeine
  28. Mucolytics⭐
  29. Bromhexine⭐⭐

Peripheral(Somatic) Nervous System (PNS)

Essays

  1. Succinyl Choline⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Local Anaesthetics⭐⭐

Short Notes

  1. Local Anaesthetics: Methods of Application⭐⭐⭐
  2. Local Anaesthetics: Classify with examples
  3. Local Anaesthetics: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐
  4. Local Anaesthetics: Clinical Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  5. Local Anaesthetics: Types
  6. Local Anaesthetics: Drugs preferred
  7. Local Anaesthetics: Adverse Effects
  8. Lignocaine (Lidocaine)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  9. Lignocaine: Mechanism of Action with diagram⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Lignocaine: Clinical Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  11. Lignocaine: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  12. Lignocaine Vs Tetracaine
  13. Spinal Anesthesia⭐⭐
  14. Spinal Anesthesia: Technique
  15. Spinal Anesthesia: Advantages
  16. Spinal Anesthesia: Complications
  17. Baclofen: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  18. Baclofen: Uses⭐⭐⭐
  19. Succinyl Choline⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  20. Succinyl Choline: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐
  21. Succinyl Choline: Therapeutic Uses ⭐⭐⭐⭐
  22. Succinyl Choline: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐
  23. Succinyl Choline Apnea
  24. Depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

ANS

Essay

  1. Anticholinergics/Cholinergic Antagonist/Muscarinic Antagonist⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
  3. Adrenergic Drugs
  4. Beta Adrenergic Blockers

Short Notes

  1. Pilocarpine: Mechanism of Action
  2. Pilocarpine: Role in Drug Treatment of Glaucoma⭐⭐
  3. Pre-anaesthetic medication: Mention drugs & Discuss Rationale⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  4. Anticholinergics/Cholinergic Antagonist/Muscarinic Antagonist: Classify⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  5. Cholinergic Receptors: Classify OTBO tissue distribution
  6. Cholinergic Receptors: Location & Function
  7. Atropine: Pharmacological Actions⭐⭐
  8. Atropine: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  9. Atropine: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Atropine: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  11. Atropine: Contraindication⭐⭐
  12. Atropine Substitutes⭐⭐⭐
  13. Atropine Analogues: Enumerate Various Uses⭐⭐
  14. Atropine Substitutes: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  15. Atropine Substitutes: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  16. Atropine Derivatives⭐
  17. Adrenergic Drugs: Classify
  18. Dopamine: Pharmacological Actions
  19. Drug Treatment: Acute Congestive Narrow Angle Glaucoma
  20. Drug Treatment: Open Angle Glaucoma⭐
  21. Drug Treatment/Pharmacotherapy: Glaucoma⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  22. Beta Blockers used in Glaucoma and their MOA in reducing Intra Ocular Pressure
  23. Beta Adrenergic Blockers: Classify & Enumerate⭐⭐
  24. Beta Blockers: Pharmacological Actions⭐
  25. Beta Blockers: Classify⭐⭐⭐
  26. Beta Blockers: Mechanism of Action⭐
  27. Beta Blockers: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐
  28. Beta Blockers: Adverse Effects⭐⭐
  29. Drug Treatment: Benign Prostrate Hypertrophy (BPH)⭐, explain rationale of use of each drug class
  30. Atenolol : Pharmacological Action⭐
  31. Atenolol: Uses⭐
  32. Atenolol: Adverse Effects⭐
  33. Gen-II Antihistamines⭐
  34. Gen-II Antihistamines: Enumerate 4⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  35. Gen-II Antihistamines: Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  36. Intra Ocular Pressure- Mechanism of Action
  37. Drug Treatment: Myasthenia Gravis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  38. Cholinesterase Activators⭐
  39. Cholinesterase Reactivators
  40. Therapeutic Atropine Substitutes: Enumerate⭐⭐⭐⭐
  41. Organophosphate (OP) Poisoning Management⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  42. Peripherally Acting Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) Blockers⭐
  43. d-Tubocurarine Vs Succinylcholine⭐
  44. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Classify
  45. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Mechanism of Action
  46. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐
  47. Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants⭐
  48. Adrenaline: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐
  49. Adrenaline: Rationale for its use in Anaphylactic Shock⭐⭐⭐
  50. Nasal Decongestants⭐⭐
  51. Prazosin⭐
  52. Propranolol⭐
  53. Propranolol: Pharmacological Actions⭐⭐⭐⭐
  54. Propranolol: Mechanism of Action⭐
  55. Propranolol: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  56. Propranolol: Drug Interactions ⭐
  57. Propranolol: Contraindications⭐
  58. Propranolol: Therapeutic Uses ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  59. Propylthiouracil: Pharmacological Features
  60. Propylthiouracil Vs Carbimazole
  61. Cardio selective Beta Blockers⭐⭐
  62. cardio selective beta adrenoceptor blocker
  63. Carvedilol⭐

Autocoids et al

Essay

  1. NSAIDS ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes-

  1. Antihistamines: Classify
  2. Antihistamines: First generation Vs Second generation H1 antihistamines.
  3. Antihistamines: Second Generation Antihistamines⭐
  4. Antihistamines for Motion Sickness Prophylaxis⭐
  5. Antihistamines: Uses
  6. Antihistamines: H1 Antihistaminics
  7. Antihistamines: H1 Antihistamines: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐
  8. Antihistamines: H1 Antihistamines: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  9. Prostaglandins: Therapeutic/Clinical Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Prostaglandins: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  11. Prostaglandins: In Obstetric Practice⭐⭐⭐
  12. Prostaglandin Analogues⭐⭐⭐⭐
  13. Prostaglandin Analogues: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  14. Prostaglandin Analogues: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  15. Migraine: Classify Drugs
  16. Migraine: Management
  17. Migraine: Pharmacotherapy & prophylaxis of Migraine⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  18. NSAIDS- Classify & Enumerate⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  19. NSAIDS- Pharmacological Action⭐⭐
  20. NSAIDS- Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  21. NSAIDS- Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐
  22. NSAIDS- Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  23. Aspirin: Pharmacological Action⭐⭐
  24. Aspirin: MOA⭐⭐⭐
  25. Aspirin: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  26. Aspirin: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  27. Paracetamol: Poisoning Management⭐⭐⭐
  28. Drug Treatment: Acute Migraine⭐⭐⭐⭐
  29. Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)⭐⭐
  30. Rhematic Arthritis
  31. Allopurinol⭐⭐⭐
  32. Drug Treatment: Gout⭐⭐
  33. Selective COX Inhibitors⭐⭐
  34. Selective COX-2 Inhibitors & their pros/cons⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  35. COX-2 Inhibitors
  36. Selective Cyclooxygenase inhibitors
  37. Ibuprofen⭐

CNS

Essay

  1. Antiepileptics⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Parkinson’s
  3. Opioid Analgesics⭐⭐⭐⭐
  4. Antidepressants⭐
  5. Antipsychotics⭐
  6. Sedative Hypnotics⭐

Short Notes-

  1. Opioid Analgesics: Classify⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Disulfiram
  3. Anti-Anxiety Drugs: Classify & Explain
  4. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
  5. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): MOA⭐
  6. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Adverse Effects⭐
  7. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Pharmacological Actions
  8. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Mention advantages of any 3. ⭐⭐
  9. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Uses⭐
  10. Morphine: Explain
  11. Morphine: Pharmacological Actions/Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  12. Morphine: Mechanism of Action
  13. Morphine: Contraindications⭐⭐⭐
  14. Morphine: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐
  15. Morphine: Dependence & Management
  16. Morphine: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐
  17. Endogenous Opioid peptides⭐
  18. Pethidine/Mepiridine
  19. Morphine Vs Pethidine
  20. Halothane: Pros/Cons as a general anaesthetic
  21. Propofol
  22. Sedatives & Hypnotics : Mechanism of Action (MOA)
  23. Sedatives & Hypnotics: Therapeutic Uses
  24. Sedatives & Hypnotics: Adverse Effects
  25. Benzodiazepines: Therapeutic Uses⭐
  26. Non-Benzodiazepines: Advantages
  27. Anti-Epileptic Drugs: Classify & Enumerate⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  28. Anti-Epileptic Drugs: Newer Drugs, their MOA, Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  29. Anti-Epileptic Drugs: Non-Epileptic Uses
  30. Sodium Valproate/ Valproic Acid
  31. Sodium Valproate/ Valproic Acid: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  32. Sodium Valproate/ Valproic Acid: Pharmacological Action⭐⭐⭐⭐
  33. Sodium Valproate/ Valproic Acid: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  34. Sodium Valproate/ Valproic Acid: Side/Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  35. Gabapentin: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  36. Gabapentin: Pharmacological Action⭐⭐⭐
  37. Gabapentin: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐
  38. Gabapentin: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  39. Pharmacotherapy of Absence Seizures
  40. Status Epilepticus: Drug Treatment & Management: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  41. Parkinsonism: Classify & Enumerate drugs used⭐
  42. Parkinsonism: Pharmacotherapy
  43. Selegilline: MOA, Side Effects⭐⭐
  44. Antidepressants: Classify & Enumerate ⭐⭐⭐⭐
  45. Antidepressants: MOA⭐
  46. Antidepressants: Pharmacological Actions
  47. Antidepressants: Uses⭐
  48. Antidepressants: Adverse Effects⭐⭐
  49. Antidepressants: Atypical
  50. Antipsychotics: Classify
  51. Atypical Antipsychotics: Advantages & Disadvantages⭐⭐⭐
  52. Chlorpromazine: Adverse Effects, Uses ⭐⭐
  53. Fluoxetine: Therapeutic Uses
  54. Ketamine⭐⭐⭐
  55. General Anesthetic Agents: Mechanism of Action
  56. Clonazepam⭐
  57. Diazepam
  58. Diazepam: Uses⭐
  59. Advantages of Benzodiazepine over Barbiturates⭐⭐⭐
  60. Benzodiazepine
  61. Chronic Alcoholism Treatment⭐
  62. Methyl Alcohol Poisoning: Management⭐⭐⭐
  63. Phenytoin: Applied Pharmacology
  64. Phenytoin: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐
  65. Phenytoin: Pharmacological Action⭐⭐⭐
  66. Phenytoin: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  67. Phenytoin: Drug Interaction
  68. Phenytoin: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  69. Phenytoin sodium: Uses and ADR
  70. Drug Induced Parkinsonism⭐⭐
  71. Carbamazepine⭐

CVS

Essays-

  1. Antianginal Drugs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Antihypertensive Drugs/ Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  3. Drug Treatment: Heart Failure/Congestive Cardiac Failure⭐⭐

Short Notes-

  1. Congestive Cardiac Failure: Classify with Examples
  2. Congestive Cardiac Failure: Mechanism of Action of each drug
  3. Antihypertensive Drugs: Classify and Enumerate⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  4. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
  5. ACE Inhibitors: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  6. ACE Inhibitors: Pharmacological Action⭐⭐⭐⭐
  7. ACE Inhibitors: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  8. ACE Inhibitors: Adverse/Side Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  9. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) / ACE Antagonists / ACE Receptor Antagonist
  10. Drug Treatment: Hypertension during pregnancy
  11. Pharmacotherapy of Hypertensive Emergencies/Urgencies
  12. Esmolol
  13. Calcium Channel Blockers⭐
  14. Ivabradine⭐⭐⭐
  15. Amlodipine: MOA, Uses, Adverse Effects ⭐⭐
  16. Antianginal Drugs: Classify⭐⭐⭐⭐
  17. Antianginal Drugs: MOA of any one⭐⭐⭐
  18. Antianginal Drugs: Adverse Effects of any one⭐⭐⭐
  19. Antianginal Drugs: Therapeutic uses of any one.
  20. Nitrates/ Nitroglycerine: Pharmacological Action⭐
  21. Nitrates/ Nitroglycerine: Therapeutic/ Clinical Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  22. Nitrates/ Nitroglycerine : Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  23. Nitrates/ Nitroglycerine: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  24. Nitrates: Drug Interactions ⭐⭐⭐
  25. Organic Nitrates: Pharmacology
  26. Beta Blockers for Angina Pectoris: Rationale?
  27. Lisinopril: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  28. Lisinopril: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  29. Lisinopril: Side Effects⭐⭐
  30. Lisinopril: Contraindications⭐⭐
  31. Enalapril: Mechanism of Action
  32. Enalapril: Pharmacological Actions
  33. Enalapril: Adverse Effects
  34. Vasodilators in Cardiac Failure
  35. Drug Treatment: Myocardial Infacrtion⭐⭐⭐⭐
  36. Enumerate & Classify Drugs for Heart Failure⭐
  37. Digitalis/Digoxin : Mechanism of Action⭐⭐
  38. Digitalis/Digoxin: Pharmacological Actions
  39. Digitalis/Digoxin: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  40. Digitalis/Digoxin: Toxicity & its Management
  41. Digoxin/Digoxin: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐
  42. Digoxin/Digoxin: Role in treatment of heart failure
  43. Captopril
  44. Losartan⭐⭐

General Pharmacology

Essays

  1. Bioavailibilty- Definition, Factors, Affecting
  2. Fixed Dose Combinations- rationale behind, examples, pros/cons
  3. Biotransformation- Definition, reactions, types, examples, phase-I, Phase-II, Synthetic reactions.
  4. Mechanism of Drug Action
  5. RDA- Classify, enumerate, oral Vs IV, Advantages and disadvantages of each, transdermal, sublingual, special systems, new systems.

Short Notes-

  1. Pharmacovigilance
  2. Microsomal Enzyme Induction & Inhibition
  3. Idiosyncrasy⭐
  4. Receptors
  5. Factors modifying drug action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  6. Drug Potency: Explain with examples & diagrams
  7. Drug Efficacy: Explain with examples & diagrams
  8. Methods of prolongation of Drug Action⭐⭐
  9. Receptor Regulating Gene Expression⭐⭐⭐
  10. Receptors: Classify
  11. Factors modifying drug absorption⭐⭐
  12. Presystemic Elimination/ First Pass Metabolism⭐⭐
  13. Phases of Clinical Trials
  14. Phase III Clinical Trials in Drug Development⭐⭐
  15. ⭐Placental Barrier
  16. ⭐First Order Kinetics
  17. ⭐Phototoxicity
  18. Volume of Distribution: Clinical Importance
  19. Photosensitivity⭐
  20. ⭐Nephrotoxicity
  21. ⭐Hepatotoxicity
  22. ⭐Facilitated Transport
  23. Pharmacogenomics⭐⭐
  24. Agonist⭐
  25. Antagonist/ Drug Antagonism⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  26. ⭐ADR Management
  27. Blood Brain Barrier: Explain with Examples⭐⭐⭐⭐
  28. Combined Effects of Drugs⭐
  29. Bioequivalence: Factors affecting
  30. Plasma Half Life⭐⭐
  31. Plasma Protein Binding- What is it, Clinical Significance⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  32. Zero Order Kinetics⭐⭐
  33. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR): Explain with examples⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  34. Therapeutic Index⭐
  35. Pharmacogenetics⭐
  36. Drug
  37. Placebo⭐
  38. Teratogenicity⭐⭐
  39. Teratogenicity: Definition & Examples⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  40. Teratogenicity: Drug Induced⭐⭐⭐

Hematology

Short Notes-

  1. Preparations of Iron⭐⭐
  2. Parenteral Iron : Preparation⭐⭐⭐
  3. Parenteral Iron: Indications
  4. Parenteral Iron: Side Effects
  5. Oral Iron: Adverse Effects⭐⭐
  6. Explain: Rationale of Iron + Folic Acid⭐⭐⭐
  7. Management of Iron Poisoning ⭐⭐⭐⭐
  8. Heparin Antidote/ Antagonist and its Mechanism of Action
  9. Heparin⭐
  10. Heparin: Mechanism of Action⭐
  11. Heparin: How to monitor dosage
  12. Heparin: Uses
  13. Heparin Vs Warfarin: Pharmacological actions, pharmacokinetics, uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  14. Warfarin
  15. Warfarin: MOA
  16. Warfarin: Uses
  17. Warfarin: Toxicity Management
  18. Low Molecular Weight Heparin: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  19. Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Enumerate⭐⭐
  20. Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐
  21. Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Advantages⭐⭐
  22. Oral Anticoagulants⭐
  23. Fibrinolytics⭐⭐
  24. Antiplatelet Drugs
  25. Antiplatelet Agents: Mechanism of Action ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  26. Antiplatelet Drugs: Enumerate ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  27. Antiplatelet Drugs: Clinical Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  28. Dipyridamole⭐
  29. Atorvastatin⭐⭐
  30. Rosuvastatin⭐⭐⭐
  31. Rivaroxaban⭐⭐⭐
  32. HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Enumerate & Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  33. Fibric Acid Derivatives⭐

Others

Short Notes-

  1. Acute Alcohol Intoxication⭐
  2. Streptokinase
  3. Streptokinase: Applied Pharmacology
  4. Anti-Seborrheic⭐
  5. Nutritional Supplementation⭐
  6. Drugs for Scabies⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  7. Infliximab⭐⭐⭐⭐
  8. Sirolimus
  9. Topical Steroids and its uses⭐⭐⭐

Renal

Essay

  1. Diuretics
  2. Prumsemide and benzothiazide

Short Notes-

  1. Furosemide/Frusemide⭐⭐
  2. Furosemide/Frusemide- Therapeutic uses⭐⭐⭐⭐
  3. Furosemide/Frusemide- Toxicities
  4. Frusemide / Furosemide: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  5. Benzothiazide: Mechanism of Action
  6. Benzothiazide: Uses
  7. Benzothiazide: Toxicities
  8. Diuretics: Enumerate
  9. Diuretics: Uses
  10. Diuretics: High Ceiling⭐
  11. Diuretics- Loop – Enumerate⭐⭐
  12. Diuretics: Loop- MOA ⭐⭐⭐⭐
  13. Diuretics: Loop- Uses⭐
  14. Diuretics: Loop: Explain rationale for use in Acute Pulmonary Oedema⭐⭐
  15. Diuretics: Loop- Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  16. Potassium Sparring Diuretics
  17. Potassium sparring diuretics: MOA
  18. Potassium sparring diuretics: Clinical Uses
  19. Potassium sparring diuretics: Adverse Effects
  20. Diuretics: Mechanism of Action ⭐⭐
  21. Vasopressin Antagonist: MOA, Uses. ⭐⭐
  22. Spironolactone⭐⭐⭐⭐
  23. Spironolactone: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  24. Spironolactone: Uses⭐⭐⭐
  25. Spironolactone: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐

Paper 02

Anticancer

Essays-

  1. Antiviral⭐

Short Notes

  1. Chemoprophylaxis
  2. Antivirals: Classify⭐
  3. Cancer Chemotherapy: Enumerate & Explain Toxicity Ameliorating Drugs
  4. Cancer Chemotherapy :Antiemetics used and their MOA⭐⭐⭐
  5. Cancer Chemotherapy: Role of Hormones
  6. Cancer Chemotherapy: General Principles⭐
  7. Cotrimoxazole: Explain with MOA, Rationale and uses⭐⭐⭐⭐
  8. Amikacin⭐
  9. Lepra Reactions/Infections and their treatment⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Clotrimazole⭐
  11. Hepatitis B vaccine⭐⭐
  12. Interferons⭐
  13. HIV Infection: Protease Inhibitors
  14. HIV Infection Reactions- WHO guidelines⭐
  15. HIV Treatment: Principles & Guidelines⭐⭐⭐⭐
  16. HIV: Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)⭐⭐⭐
  17. Ivermectin⭐⭐
  18. Cyclophosphamide⭐
  19. Methotrexate: MOA & Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  20. Purine Antagonists⭐
  21. Paclitaxel⭐⭐⭐
  22. Vinca alkaloids⭐⭐⭐⭐
  23. Role of hormones in Chemotherapy
  24. Aromatase Inhibitors⭐
  25. Biological Response Modifiers⭐
  26. Chlorhexidine⭐
  27. Clarithromycin
  28. Urinary Antiseptics
  29. Doxycycline
  30. Dapsone
  31. Cisplatin
  32. Mefloquine
  33. Albendazole
  34. General Toxicity of Anti-Cancer Drugs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Antimicrobials

Essays

  1. Fluoroquinolones(FQs)⭐⭐⭐
  2. Penicillin⭐
  3. Tuberculosis Drugs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  4. Malaria⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  5. Aminoglycosides⭐
  6. Cyclosporine⭐⭐⭐⭐
  7. Cephalosporins⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes:-

  1. Cyclosporine
  2. Cyclosporine: Role as immunosuppressant
  3. Cyclosporine: Therapeutic Uses
  4. Cyclosporine: Adverse Effects
  5. Antimicrobials: Classify OTBO MOA⭐
  6. Cephalosporins: Classification⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  7. Gen-III Cephalosporins: Mechanism of Action (MOA)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  8. Gen-III Cephalosporins: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  9. Gen-III Cephalosporins: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Gen-IV Cephalosporin
  11. Cephalosporins: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐
  12. Cephalosporins: Side Effects⭐⭐⭐
  13. Cephalosporins: Therapeutic Uses⭐
  14. Cephalosporin: Antimicrobial Spectrum
  15. Linezolid⭐⭐⭐⭐
  16. Lamivudine⭐⭐⭐
  17. Polypeptide Antibiotics⭐⭐⭐⭐
  18. Aminoglycosides: Classify and Enumerate⭐
  19. Aminoglycosides Antibiotics: Common Properties/Characteristics⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  20. Artemisinin based combination therapy
  21. Beta-Lactase Inhibitors⭐⭐⭐
  22. Gentamicin⭐⭐
  23. Gentamicin: Mechanism of Action⭐
  24. Gentamicin: Antibacterial Spectrum
  25. Gentamicin: Drug Interaction
  26. Gentamicin: Adverse Effects⭐
  27. Gentamicin: Uses
  28. Oseltamivir⭐⭐⭐⭐
  29. Drugs used in pregnancy with AIDS
  30. Tuberculosis Drugs: Classify⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  31. RNTCP Guidelines for management of Category I & II patients
  32. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR TB)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  33. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR TB) : Classify Drugs
  34. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR TB) : Appropriate selection of antimicrobials⭐⭐⭐
  35. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR TB): Categories of Treatment
  36. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR TB) : Management⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  37. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR TB): MOA
  38. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR TB): Adverse Effects
  39. Interaction of Anti TB Drugs & Oral Contraceptives and management
  40. First Line Tuberculosis (TB) Drugs: Classify & Enumerate⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  41. First Line Tuberculosis (TB) Drugs: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  42. First Line Tuberculosis (TB) Drugs: Uses⭐⭐⭐
  43. First Line Tuberculosis (TB) Drugs: Adverse Drug Reactions⭐⭐⭐⭐
  44. First Line Tuberculosis (TB) Drugs: Contraindications⭐⭐⭐
  45. Second Line Tuberculosis (TB) Drugs: Classify & Enumerate⭐⭐⭐
  46. Short Course Chemotherapy (SCC) in Tuberculosis(TB) Treatment⭐⭐
  47. Isoniazid / Iso nicotinic acid Hydrazide (INH)
  48. Isoniazid / Iso nicotinic acid Hydrazide (INH): Pharmacological Features
  49. Isoniazid / Iso nicotinic acid Hydrazide (INH): Mechanism of Action⭐
  50. Isoniazid / Iso nicotinic acid Hydrazide (INH): Adverse Effects⭐
  51. Malaria: Classify Drugs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  52. Malaria: Prophylaxis⭐⭐
  53. Chloroquine(CQ)⭐
  54. Chloroquine(CQ): Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  55. Chloroquine(CQ): Advantages⭐⭐
  56. Chloroquine(CQ): Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  57. Chloroquine(CQ): Antimalarial Action
  58. Chloroquine(CQ): Adverse Effect⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  59. Chloroquine(CQ) Resistant Malaria Management⭐⭐⭐
  60. Azithromycin: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  61. Azithromycin: Side Effects⭐⭐⭐
  62. Azithromycin: Uses⭐⭐⭐
  63. Acyclovir
  64. Acyclovir: Mechanism of Action
  65. Acyclovir: Uses
  66. Fluoroquinolones: Classify & Enumerate⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  67. Fluoroquinolones: Mechanism of Action⭐
  68. Fluoroquinolones: Therapeutic Uses⭐
  69. Fluoroquinolones: Adverse Effects ⭐
  70. Fluoroquinolones: Adverse Effects of Gen-I FQs⭐⭐⭐
  71. Fluoroquinolones: Why is it contraindicated in children
  72. Ciprofloxacin⭐⭐
  73. Ciprofloxacin: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐
  74. Ciprofloxacin: Antimicrobial Action⭐⭐
  75. Ciprofloxacin: Drug Interaction⭐
  76. Ciprofloxacin: Adverse/ Side Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  77. Ciprofloxacin: Clinical Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  78. Imidazole Antifungal Agents⭐
  79. Topical Antifungal Agents⭐⭐
  80. Griseofulvin⭐
  81. Itraconazole⭐⭐⭐
  82. Metronidazole⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  83. Metronidazole: Mechanism of Actions⭐⭐⭐
  84. Metronidazole: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  85. Metronidazole: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  86. Prophylactic Use of Antimicrobials
  87. Penicillins: Classify
  88. Penicillins: Explain different Therapeutic Uses⭐
  89. Penicillin: Mechanism of Action
  90. Penicillin: Adverse Effects
  91. Beta Lactamase Inhibitors & rationale of their combination with penicillin⭐⭐
  92. Rifampicin⭐
  93. Rifampicin: Mechanism of Action⭐
  94. Rifampicin: Pharmacological Action⭐⭐⭐
  95. Rifampicin: Therapeutic uses⭐⭐⭐
  96. Rifampicin: Adverse Effects/ Adverse Drug Reactions⭐⭐⭐⭐
  97. Rifampicin: Pharmacology
  98. Zidovudine: ⭐⭐⭐⭐
  99. Zidovudine: Mechanism of Action
  100. Zidovudine: Adverse Effect
  101. Zidovudine: Uses

Endocrine

Essays

  1. Thyroid Inhibitors⭐
  2. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  3. Drug Treatment: Diabetes Mellitus⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  4. Glucocorticoids⭐⭐
  5. Corticosteroids
  6. Insulin⭐⭐

Short Notes-

  1. Sulfonylureas: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Sulfonylureas: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  3. Sulfonylureas: Uses
  4. Sulfonylureas: Drug Interaction
  5. Sulfonylureas: Second Generation
  6. Sulfonylureas⭐⭐⭐
  7. Ormeloxifene/Centchroman
  8. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor⭐
  9. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Anabolic Steroids
  11. Thiazolidinedione (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-ɣ))
  12. Inhaled Steroids⭐⭐⭐
  13. Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modifier (SERM)⭐⭐
  14. Corticosteroids: Enumerate natural and synthetic
  15. Corticosteroids: Inhaled⭐⭐⭐
  16. Corticosteroids: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐⭐
  17. Corticosteroids: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  18. Glucocorticoids: Classify⭐
  19. Glucocorticoids: Indications
  20. Glucocorticoids: Contraindications
  21. Glucocorticoids: Pharmacological Action⭐
  22. Glucocorticoids: Classify OTBO duration of Action
  23. Glucocorticoids: Therapeutic uses⭐⭐⭐
  24. Glucocorticoids: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  25. Prednisolone: Therapeutic Uses⭐
  26. Prednisolone: Adverse Effects⭐
  27. Prednisolone: Contraindications
  28. Thyroid Inhibitors/ Antithyroid Drugs: Classify with examples⭐⭐
  29. Thyroid Inhibitors/ Antithyroid Drugs: Mechanism of Action of each groups
  30. Thyroid Inhibitors/ Antithyroid Drugs: Advantages & Disadvantages of Each group
  31. L-Thyroxine: Uses⭐⭐⭐
  32. Treatment of Thyroid Storm
  33. Radioactive Iodine: Explain along with Merits & Demerits⭐⭐
  34. Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modifiers: Enumerate and mention Uses & Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  35. Anti-Oestrogen⭐
  36. Oral Contraceptive Pills⭐⭐
  37. Oral Contraceptive Pills: Non Contraceptive Benefits
  38. Oral Contraceptive Pills: Adverse Effects
  39. Combined Pills
  40. Mini Pills
  41. Injectable Contraceptives⭐
  42. Drugs acting on glucagon like peptide receptors⭐⭐
  43. Diabetes Mellitus: Classify & Enumerate Drugs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  44. Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical pharmacology of any one class of drug
  45. Diabetes Mellitus: Management of Emergencies
  46. Diabetes Mellitus: Sodium Glucose Cotransport Inhibitors (SGLT-2), its clinical benefits and Adverse Effects in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)⭐⭐⭐
  47. Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management & Pharmacoterapy⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  48. Insulin: Types
  49. Insulin: Preparations and its classification⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  50. Insulin: Human Insulin , its analgues, Analogues, their classification, indications & advantages⭐⭐⭐⭐
  51. Insulin: Mechanism of Acton⭐
  52. Insulin: Adverse Effects/ Reactions⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  53. Insulin: Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  54. Insulin: Newer Insulins
  55. Insulin: Analogues⭐⭐
  56. Insulin: Pharmacological Actions⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  57. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Classify & enumerate⭐⭐⭐⭐
  58. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐
  59. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  60. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Drug Interactions
  61. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Newer Agents
  62. Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: Classify
  63. Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: Newer⭐⭐
  64. Anabolic Stickers
  65. Finasteride
  66. Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
  67. Metformin⭐⭐
  68. Metformin: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐⭐
  69. Metformin: Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐
  70. Metformin: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐
  71. Oxytocin⭐
  72. Uterine Stimulants
  73. Tocolytics⭐
  74. Bisphosphonates⭐⭐⭐
  75. Bromocriptine
  76. Octreotide
  77. Sildenafil Citrate
  78. GnRH Analogues

Gastrointestinal Drugs (GIT)

Essay

  1. Peptic Ulcer⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Antiemetics⭐⭐
  3. Metoclopramide

Short Notes

  1. Antimotility Drugs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Antiemetics
  3. Antiemetics: Classify⭐
  4. Metoclopramide
  5. Metoclopramide: Mechanism of Action⭐
  6. Metoclopramide: Drug Interaction
  7. Metoclopramide: Adverse Effects
  8. Metoclopramide: Uses
  9. Peptic Ulcer: Classify Drugs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  10. Peptic Ulcer: Use of Sucralfate
  11. Sucralfate⭐
  12. Omeprazole: Mechanism of Action
  13. Omeprazole: Therapeutic Uses⭐⭐
  14. Omeprazole: Adverse Effects
  15. Omeprazole Vs Ranitidine
  16. H2 Blockers/ Antagonist⭐
  17. Proton Pump Inhibitors⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  18. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Action⭐
  19. Proton Pump Inhibitors: MOA⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  20. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  21. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Drug Interaction
  22. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Clinical Uses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  23. Lansoprazole⭐⭐
  24. Pantoprazole⭐
  25. Pantoprazole: Mechanism of Action⭐⭐⭐
  26. Pantoprazole: Uses⭐⭐⭐
  27. Pantoprazole: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  28. Drug Treatment: Helicobacter pylori Infection/ gastric ulcer/Triple & Quadruple Regimen/ Regimens Available⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  29. Ondansetron⭐
  30. 5-HT3 Antagonists: Enumerate 2⭐⭐⭐
  31. 5-HT3 Antagonist: Adverse Effects⭐⭐⭐
  32. 5-HT3 Antagonist: Uses⭐⭐⭐
  33. Prokinetic Drugs/Agents⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  34. Liquid Paraffin⭐
  35. Stool Softeners
  36. Domperidone
  37. Neuroleptics
  38. ORS
  39. Loperamide
  40. Lactulose

Other Drugs

Short Notes

  1. Trypsin⭐
  2. Gene Therapy⭐
  3. Sunscreens⭐
  4. Drug Therapy in Acne Vulgaris⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  5. Drug Therapy of Psoriasis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  6. Penicillamine⭐
  7. D-Penicillamine⭐
  8. Tacrolimus⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  9. Immunostimulants⭐
  10. Immunosuppressants⭐
  11. Amphotericin B⭐
  12. Amphotericin B: MOA
  13. Amphotericin B: Clinical Uses
  14. Amphotericin B: Adverse Effects
  15. Azithromycin
  16. Superinfection
  17. Flucytosine
  18. L-asparaginase
  19. Tamoxifen
  20. Role of Vitamins in the treatment of diseases

Toxicology

Short Notes

  1. Dimercaprol⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  2. Desferrioxamine⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

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