Pathology

¡¡¡NB!!! This is NOT a Comprehensive List! There are still more, and they will be added and updated regularly. Also, clicking on the topics will you take you to its answer once i add them ,which again, will happen periodically.

AETCOM

1. Bioethics – Autonomy & Decision Making
2. An 80-year-old male came with chest pint left sided, increases on excretion. He has past history of diabetes, hypertension for 29 years. On further investigation his coronary angiogram reveled two vessel coronary artery block. His doctor advised the patient to undergo coronary angioplasty better than coronary artery bypass graft.⭐⭐
   (a) What is the autonomy in this patient?
   (b) What is beneficence in this patient?
   (c) What is non-maleficence in this patient?
3. Beneficence
4. Informed Consent- Basic Principle & Components
5. How will you communicate the lab report to a patient who hs been diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Clinicals

Find all clinical case based questions here.

Paper 1

General Pathology (GP)

Molecular Cell Biology in Health & Ageing

1. Cell Adhesion Molecules(CAMs) / Adhesion Molecules (ARs)⭐⭐
2. Growth Cycle of Cells⭐⭐
3. Growth Factors⭐⭐

Cellular Injury & Adaptation

Essay

1. Necrosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
   • Definition⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
   • Etiopathogenesis     
   • Clinical Implications
   • Different Types with Morphological Changes and examples⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
   • Caseous Necrosis⭐
2. Gangrene⭐⭐⭐
3. Apoptosis⭐⭐⭐⭐
   • Definition & Examples⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
   • Molecular Mechanism⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
   • Disorders associated with defective apoptosis & increased cell survival⭐
   • Disorders associated with increased apoptosis/excessive cell death⭐

Short Notes

1. Metaplasia⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Haemosiderosis⭐⭐
3. Granulation Tissue⭐⭐
4. Gangrene⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Gangrene: Explain with Types & Examples⭐⭐
6. Apoptosis
7. Necrosis⭐⭐
8. Necrosis Vs Apoptosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
9. Intracellular Pigments & Associated Disorders⭐⭐⭐
10. Dystrophic Calcification⭐⭐⭐
11. Pathological Calcification⭐⭐⭐
12. Metastatic Calcification
13. Fat Stains
14. Cell Injury: Causes
15. Cell Injury: Sequence of events in ischemic & hypoxic injury
16. Free Radical Injury⭐⭐

Immunopathology, AIDS & Amyloidosis

Essay

1. Hypersensitivity Type 1
2. Hypersensitivity Type 4⭐
3. T-cell mediated hypersensitivity with clinical examples and illustrations for each.
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
5. HIV-AIDS
6. Amyloid⭐

Short Notes

1. Hypersensitivity Type 4: Explain with Examples & Pathophysiology⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Hypersensitivity Type 3: Explain with mechanism⭐⭐
3. Hypersensitivity Type 2⭐⭐⭐
4. Hypersensitivity Type 1 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. HLA
6. Amyloidosis⭐
7. Amyloidosis: Morphological Change in Organs⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
8. Amyloid: Chemical Nature
9. Amyloid: Definition, Classification⭐
10. Amyloid: Typical & Special Stains⭐
11. Transplant Rejection⭐
12. Mechanism of Immunologic tolerance in autoimmune disorders

Homeostasis, Body Water Derangements & Hemodynamic Disorders

Essay

1. Oedema ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Shock⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Virchow’s Triad ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Infarct: Morphology⭐
3. Chronic Venous Congestion (CVC) Spleen: Explain along with Gross & Microscopic Features⭐⭐⭐
4. Chronic Venous Congestion (CVC) Liver⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Shock: Definition & Types⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
6. Shock: Stages⭐
7. Shock: Pathogenesis
8. Shock: Etiopathogenesis
9. Shock: Morphological Changes Seen in Organs⭐⭐
10. Shock: Hypovolemic Shock ⭐
11. Shock: Septic Shock : Explain with Pathogenesis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
12. Shock: Septic Shock: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐
13. Air Embolism⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
14. Transudate Vs Exudate⭐⭐
15. Oedema⭐⭐
16. Oedema: Definition, Classification & Examples⭐⭐⭐⭐
17. Oedema: Etiopathogenesis⭐
18. Oedema: Etiopathogenesis of Generalised Oedema
19. Oedema: Pathology of Generalised Oedema
20. Oedema: Pathogenesis of Generalised Edema
21. Oedema: Complications of Generalised Oedema
22. Oedema: Mechanism of formation⭐
23. Oedema: Explain Renal Oedema/ Oedema of Renal Origin with its pathology⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
24. Fat Embolism

Inflammation & Healing/Repair

Essay

1. Inflammation⭐⭐⭐
2. Chemical Mediators of Inflammation⭐⭐
3. Healing ⭐⭐⭐
4. Granuloma⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Inflammation / Eicosanoids ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Acute Inflammation⭐⭐⭐
3. Acute Inflammation- Cellular Events/Changes⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Acute Inflammation- Vascular Events/Changes⭐⭐
5. Acute Inflammation- Role of Chemical Mediators
6. Acute Inflammation – Fate⭐⭐
7. Actinomycosis
8. Chronic Inflammation⭐⭐
9. Chronic Inflammation: Causes⭐⭐
10. Chronic Inflammation: Pathogenesis
11. Chronic Inflammation: Morphology
12. Inflammation: Definition⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
13. Inflammation: Morphological Types⭐⭐
14. Inflammation: Vascular Events
15. Inflammation: Acute Vs Chronic
16. Inflammation: Role of monocytes
17. Inflammation: Classify Chemical Mediators ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
18. Inflammation: Describe role of chemical mediators⭐⭐⭐⭐
19. Inflammation: Systemic Effects⭐⭐
20. Repair: Definition⭐⭐
21. Healing: Definition⭐⭐
22. Healing: Types
23. Healing : Skin Wound by First Intention(Primary Union) ⭐⭐⭐
24. Healing: By Second Intention (Secondary Intention)⭐⭐⭐
25. Healing :By primary intention Vs by secondary intention
26. Healing: Factors influencing/modifying ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
27. Healing: Factors promoting
28. Healing: Factors delaying ⭐⭐
29. Healing: Complications
30. Healing: Untoward Effects⭐⭐
31. Healing: Process in Long Bone Fracture⭐⭐⭐⭐
32. Granulomatous Inflammation⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
33. Granulomatous Inflammation: Define & Classify⭐⭐
34. Granulomatous Inflammation: Common Causes
35. Granulomatous Inflammation: Etiopathogenesis
36. Granuloma ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
37. Granuloma: Definition⭐⭐⭐
38. Granuloma: Different Components with Diagram⭐⭐
39. Granuloma: Describe various granulomotous disorders⭐⭐
40. Granuloma: Etiopathogenesis of Tuberculous Granuloma⭐⭐
41. Phagocytosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
42. Ghon’s /Primary Complex- Explain with pathology and common sites of occurance⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
43. Leprosy/ Hansen Disease⭐⭐
44. Leprosy: Lepromatous Vs Tuberculoid ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
45. Leprosy: Morbid Anatomy of Lepromatous Leprosy
46. Leprosy: Etiopathology of Lepromatous Leprosy⭐⭐
47. Chemotaxis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
48. Formation of humoral part of acute inflammatory exudates⭐⭐
49. Function of humoral part of acute inflammatory exudates⭐⭐
50. Giant Cells⭐⭐

Neoplasia

Essay

1. Chemical Carcinogenesis⭐⭐
2. Cancer: Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Neoplasia: Definition, including Willis Definition, Classification & Nomenclature⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Neoplasia: Role of Angiogenesis
3. Neoplasia: Characteristics of Malignancy
4. Neoplasm: Definition
5. Neoplasm/ Neoplasia/ Tumors: Benign Vs Malignant (Gross, Microscopic, Clinical, Examples)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
6. Events of Invasion & Metastasis ⭐⭐⭐
7. Metastasis
8. Metastasis: Mechanism⭐⭐⭐
9. Metastasis: Pathways/Routes of Spread⭐⭐⭐
10. Metastatic Cascade⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
11. Cancer: Molecular Basis⭐
12. Cancer: Cellular & Molecular Hallmarks⭐⭐
13. Cancer: Modalities for Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
14. Cancer: Grading & Staging⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
15. Carcinogenesis- Definition⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
16. Carcinogenesis: Types and their Pathogenesis⭐
17. Carcinogenesis: Role of p53
18. Carcinogenesis- Radiation
19. Carcinogenesis- Viral / Oncogenesis. Explain & Enlist the Viruses⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
20. Chemical Carcinogenesis
21. Chemical Carcinogenesis- Classify⭐⭐
22. Chemical Carcinogenesis: Mechanism Involved⭐⭐⭐
23. Radiation Oncogenesis
24. UV Radiation: Acute & Delayed Effects
25. Tumor Markers⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
26. Tumor Suppressor Genes⭐
27. Tumor: Routes of Spread⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
28. Tumor: Routes of Spread of Malignant Tumor⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
29. Paraneoplastic Syndromes & their Importance⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
30. Anaplasia⭐⭐⭐
31. Burkitt’s Lymphoma
32. Oncogenes⭐⭐

Infections & Infestations

1. Amoebic Colitis⭐⭐

Environmental & Nutritional Diseases

Essay

Short Notes

1. Rickets⭐
2. Obesity- Explain with Pathogenesis⭐
3. Vitamin A Deficiency⭐⭐

Genetic & Pediatric Diseases

Essay

Short Notes

1. Down’s Syndrome⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Turner’s Syndrome⭐
3. Gaucher Disease⭐⭐
4. Barr Body ⭐⭐⭐
5. Familial Hypercholesterolemia
6. Klinefelter Syndrome

Hematology

Hematopoiesis & RBC Disorders

Essay

1. Anaemia⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Sickle Cell Anemia
3. Megaloblastic Anemia⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Iron Deficiency Anemia⭐⭐
5. Hemolytic Anemia⭐⭐⭐
6. Beta Thalassemia ⭐⭐
7. Hereditary Spherocytosis⭐

Short Notes

1. Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) : Discuss all information gathered by PBS examination⭐⭐
2. Parasites Seen in Peripheral Smear⭐⭐
3. Anemia: Definition & Classification⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Coomb’s test (Direct & Indirect)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Blood Components: Enumerate & Clinical Uses
6. Indications of Bone Marrow Examination⭐⭐
7. Erythrocytic Sedimentation Rate (ESR)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
8. Reticulocyte Count⭐⭐
9. Packed Cell Volume (PCV)⭐⭐
10. Megaloblastic Anemia: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
11. Megaloblastic Anemia: Pathogenesis
12. Megaloblastic Anemia: Peripheral Blood Smear(PBS) & Bone Marrow Picture⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
13. Megaloblastic Anemia: Lab Diagnosis/Investigations⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
14. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: Etiology⭐
15. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: Causes and diagnostic feature of each cause.
16. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: Differential Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
17. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
18. Pernicious Anemia⭐⭐⭐
19. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)⭐
20. Iron Deficiency Anemia
21. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Explain in Detail⭐
22. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Causes⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
23. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Etiopathogenesis⭐
24. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Peripheral Blood Smear Picture⭐⭐
25. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Bone Marrow Picture
26. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Lab Investigations/Findings⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
27. Hemolytic Anemia: Definition
28. Hemolytic Anemia: Basic hematological features
29. Hemolytic Anemia: Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) Findings⭐⭐
30. Hemolytic Anemia: Classification⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
31. Hemolytic Anemia: Lab Investigations/Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐
32. Isoimmune Hemolytic Anemia⭐⭐
33. Aplastic Anemia⭐⭐
34. Leuko-erythroblastic Anemia⭐⭐
35. Foetal Hemoglobin⭐⭐
36. Hemoglobin Estimation Methods⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
37. Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency⭐⭐
38. Abnormal Hemoglobins⭐⭐
39. Red Cell Indices- Explain with Clinical Significance⭐⭐
40. Red Cell Inclusions⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
41. Sickle Cell Test⭐
42. Sickle Cell Anemia⭐⭐
43. Sickle Cell Anemia: Pathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
44. Sickle Cell Anemia: Etiopathogenesis
45. Sickle Cell Anemia: Crises⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
46. Sickle Cell Anemia: Investigations & Blood Picture⭐⭐⭐⭐
47. Sickle Cell Anemia: Clinical Features⭐⭐⭐
48. Sickle Cell Anemia: Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
49. Pancytopenia
50. Pancytopenia: Causes⭐⭐
51. Hereditary Spherocytosis
52. Hereditary Spherocytosis: Etiopathogenesis
53. Hereditary Spherocytosis: Peripheral Blood Picture
54. Hereditary Spherocytosis: Other Lab Investigations
55. Beta Thalassemia
56. Beta Thalassemia: Lab Diagnosis/ Investigations⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
57. Beta Thalassemia: Molecular Pathogenesis
58. Beta Thalassemia: Pathogenesis⭐⭐
59. Beta Thalassemia: Clinical Features⭐⭐
60. Thalassemia: Blood Picture ⭐⭐
61. Thalassemia: Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐⭐

Hemostasis & Disorders

Essay

1. Thrombocytopenia
2. Thrombosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Short Notes

1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Definition
3. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Etiopathogenesis
4. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Pathogenesis ⭐⭐⭐
5. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Pathophysiologic Mechanism
6. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Morphological Changes
7. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Lab Findings
8. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Diagnostic Modalities for Evaluation
9. Immune/Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
10. Immune/Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpurea (ITP) : Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐
11. Immune/Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpurea (ITP): Pathogenesis
12. Immune/Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): Chronic ITP
13. Bleeding/ Hemorrhagic Diathesis
14. Bleeding/ Hemorrhagic Diathesis: Screening Tests
15. Bleeding Disorders: Classify⭐⭐⭐⭐
16. Hemorrhagic Disorders: Classify⭐⭐
17. Hemorrhagic Disorders: Lab Diagnosis/ Investigations⭐⭐
18. Prothrombin Time⭐⭐⭐
19. Platelet Disorders⭐⭐
20. Hemophilia⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
21. Hemophilia
22. Hemophilia: Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐
23. Hemophilia A⭐
24. Hemophilia A: Lab Diagnosis⭐
25. Thrombosis: Definition⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
26. Thrombosis: Etiopathogenesis
27. Thrombus: Definition⭐⭐⭐⭐
28. Thrombus: Etiopathogenesis⭐
29. Thrombus: Fate of Thrombus⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
30. Thrombus: Formation risk factors⭐⭐⭐
31. Thrombus: Types & Morphology⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
32. Thrombus: Venous⭐⭐⭐
33. Thrombus: Arterial ⭐⭐⭐
34. Thrombus formation: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐
35. Thrombus formation: Pathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
36. Thrombus formation: Pathophysiology⭐⭐⭐
37. Thrombus formation: Morphological features⭐⭐⭐⭐
38. Thrombus formation: Fate of thrombus⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
39. Thrombocytopenia⭐⭐⭐
40. Thrombocytopenia: Causes⭐⭐
41. Immune Thrombocytopenia: Classify
42. Immune Thrombocytopenia: Pathogenesis
43. Immune Thrombocytopenia: Pathological findings
44. Von Willebrand’s Disease⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

WBC Proliferations & Myeloid Neoplasms

Essay

1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
2. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Short Notes

1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) : FAB Classification⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Explain each type briefly
3. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) : Peripheral Smear/Hematological Findings & Bone Marrow Picture⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) : Cytochemistry Profile ⭐⭐⭐
5. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) : Lab Diagnosis/ Diagnostic Methods ⭐
6. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) : Clinical Features ⭐
7. M3 type of AML
8. M4 type of AML
9. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)⭐⭐⭐⭐
10. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Clinical Features
11. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) : Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
12. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) : Morphology
13. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) : Peripheral Blood/ Hematological Picture/Findings⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
14. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Bone Marrow Picture
15. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia(CML): Various Stages⭐⭐
16. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) : Blast Crisis Stage ⭐⭐
17. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) : Lab Investigations ⭐⭐
18. Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL) : Lab Diagnosis
19. Leukemia: Definition & WHO Classification⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
20. Leukemia: Morphological Variants
21. Leukemia: Genetic Mutations
22. Myeloid Leukemoid Reaction⭐⭐
23. Leukemoid Reactions⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
24. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Vs Leukemoid Reaction⭐⭐
25. Myeloproliferative Disorders⭐⭐
26. Myelofibrosis⭐⭐
27. Lymphoma: WHO Classification
28. Auer Rods⭐⭐
29. Infectious Mononucleosis⭐⭐
30. Eosinophilia
31. Eosinophilia: Causes⭐⭐
32. Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
33. Neutropenia/ Agranulocytosis⭐⭐⭐⭐
34. Polycythemia Vera⭐⭐

Disorders of Lymphoid Cells of Blood & Tissue

Essay

1. Leukaemia
2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(ALL) / Lymphoma⭐
3. Multiple Myeloma⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Multiple Myeloma⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Multiple Myeloma: Lab Diagnosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Multiple Myeloma: Diagnostic Criteria/Investigations⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Multiple Myeloma: Enumerate Clinical Features
5. Multiple Myeloma: Peripheral Smear & Blood Picture⭐⭐⭐
6. Multiple Myeloma: Bone Marrow Picture⭐⭐⭐⭐
7. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/ Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (B-CLL/SLL)
8. Acute Leukemia: FAB Classification⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
9. Acute Leukemia: Cytochemistry⭐⭐
10. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) ⭐⭐
11. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): FAB Classification⭐⭐
12. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Lab Diagnosis ⭐⭐
13. Sub Leukemic Leukemia⭐⭐
14. Hodgkins Lymphoma(HL) / Hodgkins Disease (HD): Explain with Histomorphological Variants and Morphology ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
15. Dorothy Reed Sternberg (RS) Cell: Explain with Variants⭐⭐⭐⭐
16. Bence Jones Protein⭐⭐

Blood Banking & Transfusion

Essay

1. Rhesus Blood Grouping⭐⭐
2. Complications of Blood Transfusion ⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Blood Transfusion Reactions⭐
2. Blood Transfusion Reactions: Acute/Adverse Reactions⭐⭐
3. Blood Transfusion Reactions: Immune Mediated⭐⭐
4. Blood Transfusion Reactions- Complications⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Blood Transfusion: Components⭐⭐
6. Blood Transfusion: Indications⭐⭐
7. Blood Transfusion: Diseases Transmitted⭐⭐
8. Blood Transfusion: Lab Diagnosis in suspected mismatch⭐⭐
9. Blood Transfusion: Safe Transfusion⭐⭐
10. Rhesus System/ RH Typing: Clinical Importance⭐⭐
11. Selection of Blood Donor⭐⭐
12. Screening of Blood Donor⭐⭐
13. Erythroblastosis Foetalis⭐⭐
14. Storage of Blood⭐⭐⭐⭐
15. Blood Component Therapy⭐⭐
16. Blood Grouping: Bombay⭐⭐
17. Cross matching of blood

Diagnostic & Clinical Pathology

Short Notes

1. Exfoliative Cytology⭐
2. Semen Analysis/ Examination of Seminal Fluid ⭐⭐
3. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ⭐⭐

Paper 2

Systemic Pathology I

Blood Vessels, Lymphatics

Essays

1. Atherosclerosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Note

1. Atherosclerosis: Definition
2. Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors⭐⭐
3. Atherosclerosis: Complications⭐⭐
4. Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Atherosclerosis: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
6. Atherosclerosis: Morphology⭐⭐
7. Atherosclerosis: Pathology⭐
8. Atherosclerosis: Complications⭐
9. Atheromatous Plaque⭐⭐
10. Atheromatous Plaque: Morphology
11. Aneurysm: Explain ⭐⭐⭐
12. Capillary Haemangioma
13. Aortic Aneurism⭐
14. Vasculitis: Types
15. Granuloma pyogenicum

CVS, Heart

Essay

1. Myocardial Infarction⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Myocardial Infarction: Sequential Pathological Changes
3. Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF-RHD)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Myocardial Infarction: Lab Diagnosis/ Findings⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Myocardial Infarction: Clinical Features⭐⭐
3. Myocardial Infarction: Risk Factors⭐
4. Myocardial Infarction: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐
5. Myocardial Infarction: Morphology⭐
6. Myocardial Infarction: Morphological Changes in relation to time
7. Myocardial Infarction: Microscopic Changes⭐
8. Myocardial Infarction: Complications⭐⭐
9. Cardiomyopathies: Types
10. Cardiomyopathies: Pathophysiology
11. Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF-RHD)⭐⭐
12. Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF-RHD) : Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐⭐
13. Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF-RHD) : Clinical Features⭐
14. Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF-RHD) : Morphological Features/ Morphology of Heart/ Gross & Microscopic⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
15. Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF-RHD) : Diagnostic Criteria⭐⭐
16. Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF-RHD) : Complications⭐
17. Rheumatic Fever: Various Features
18. Rheumatic Heart Disease: Features
19. Aschoff Body⭐
20. Bacterial/Infective Endocarditis⭐⭐
21. Acute Infective Endocarditis: Enumerate causative organism
22. Bacterial/Infective Endocarditis: Gross & Microscopic Findings
23. Bacterial/Infective Endocarditis: Complications⭐⭐
24. Vegetations of heart⭐⭐⭐⭐

ENT, Eye, Neck

Short Note

1. Malignant Melanoma⭐
2. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma⭐
3. Retinoblastoma⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Rhinosporidiosis⭐⭐

Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

Essay

1. Peptic Ulcer⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Gastric Carcinoma/ Carcinoma Stomach⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Colorectal Carcinoma⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Barret’s Oesophagus⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Linitis Plastica/ Scirrhous Carcinoma⭐⭐
3. Gastric Tumor: Classify
4. Helicobacter pylori Gastritis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Helicobacter pylori & Associated lesions⭐⭐
6. Chronic Gastritis
7. Colon Carcinoma: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
8. Colon Carcinoma: Etiology⭐⭐
9. Colon Carcinoma: Morphology⭐⭐
10. Carcinoid Tumor/ Carcinoid Syndrome/ Argentaffinoma⭐⭐⭐⭐
11. Peptic Ulcer⭐⭐⭐
12. Peptic Ulcer: Definition
13. Peptic Ulcer: Common Sites of Occurrence
14. Peptic Ulcer: Pathogenesis⭐⭐
15. Peptic Ulcer: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
16. Peptic Ulcer: Zones⭐⭐⭐
17. Peptic Ulcer: Pathology⭐⭐⭐⭐
18. Peptic Ulcer: Complications⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
19. Gastric Ulcer: Histopathology
20. Gastric Carcinoma: Etiology
21. Gastric Carcinoma: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐
22. Gastric Carcinoma: Pathology⭐⭐
23. Gastric Carcinoma: Gross Features
24. Gastric Carcinoma: Microscopic Features
25. Early gastric cancer⭐⭐
26. Adenocarcinoma of Stomach: Etiology
27. Adenocarcinoma of Stomach: Pathogenesis
28. Adenocarcinoma of Stomach: Pathology
29. Adenocarcinoma of Colon: Gross & Microscopic Features
30. Adenocarcinoma of Colon: How to investigate
31. Carcinoma of Stomach: Gross Types⭐⭐
32. Carcinoma of Stomach: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐⭐
33. Carcinoma of Stomach: Etiology⭐⭐
34. Carcinoma of Stomach: Morphology⭐⭐
35. Carcinoma of Stomach: Histomorphological Features⭐⭐⭐
36. Ulcerative lesions of intestine⭐
37. Ulcerative lesions of small intestine⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
38. Ulcerative Lesions of Large Intestine⭐⭐
39. Ulcers of Large Intestine: Pathology⭐⭐
40. Polyps of Intestine⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
41. Polyps of Colon⭐⭐
42. Familial Polyposis Syndrome⭐⭐
43. Tuberculosis of Intestine⭐⭐
44. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)⭐⭐⭐
45. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) : Etiology⭐⭐
46. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) : Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐
47. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) : Pathology⭐⭐
48. Crohn’s Disease⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
49. Ulcerative Colitis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
50. Ulcerative Colitis: Morphology, gross & microscopic ⭐⭐⭐
51. Ulcerative Colitis Vs Crohn’s Disease⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
52. Typhoid Ulcer Vs Tuberculous (TB) Ulcer of Intestine⭐
53. Typhoid Ulcer: Pathology⭐⭐
54. Typhoid Ulcer: Complications⭐⭐
55. Typhoid Fever: Autopsy findings in patient dying of tyhoid fever⭐⭐
56. Peutz-Jeghers Polyp⭐
57. Colorectal Carcinoma⭐⭐⭐
58. Colorectal Carcinoma: Etiopathogenesis⭐
59. Colorectal Carcinoma: Pathology
60. Enteric Fever: Lesions⭐⭐

Liver, Biliary Tract, Exocrine Pancreas

Essay

1. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis/ Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Hepatitis⭐⭐
3. Jaundice ⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Acute Viral Hepatitis⭐⭐
2. Viral Hepatitis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Viral Hepatitis: Changes in Liver
4. Viral Hepatitis: Lab Investigations⭐⭐
5. Viral Hepatitis: Pathology ⭐⭐
6. Viral Hepatitis: Pathogenesis⭐⭐
7. Hepatitis Virus: Classify⭐⭐
8. Hepatitis Virus: Discuss their role in Chronic Liver Disease⭐⭐
9. Hepatitis Virus: A vs B ⭐⭐
10. Hepatitis B: Effects on Liver ⭐⭐
11. Fatty Liver – Explain with Fatty Changes⭐⭐
12. Nutmeg Liver ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
13. Hemolytic Jaundice ⭐⭐
14. Jaundice: Define & Classify⭐⭐
15. Jaundice: Lab Investigations⭐⭐
16. Liver Abscess⭐⭐
17. Liver Necrosis⭐⭐
18. Alcoholic Liver Disease
19. Alcoholic Liver Disease⭐⭐⭐
20. Alcoholic Liver Disease : Pathophysiology⭐⭐⭐⭐
21. Alcoholic Liver Disease: Morphology⭐⭐⭐
22. Indian Childhood Cirrhosis⭐⭐
23. Biliary Cirrhosis⭐⭐
24. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis/ Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis – Definition, Etiological Classification, Morphological Classification ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
25. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis/ Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis – Causes⭐⭐⭐⭐
26. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis/ Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis – Etiology⭐⭐
27. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis- Etiopathogenesis of any one type⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
28. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis- Pathology ⭐⭐
29. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis- Pathogenesis⭐⭐⭐⭐
30. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis- Morphology of any type⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
31. Cirrhosis/ Liver Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis- Clinical Features/ Symptoms⭐⭐
32. Alcoholic Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis: Morphological features- Gross & Microscopic⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
33. Alcoholic Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis: Lab Investigations ⭐⭐
34. Alcoholic Cirrhosis Laennec’s Cirrhosis/ Portal Cirrhosis/ Hobnail Cirrhosis/ Nutritional Cirrhosis/ Diffuse Cirrhosis/ Micronodular Cirrhosis- Complications⭐⭐⭐⭐
35. Alcoholic Hepatitis
36. Alcoholic Hepatitis: Histopathology
37. Fulminant Hepatitis⭐⭐
38. Chronic Hepatitis⭐⭐
39. Serum Bilirubin ⭐⭐
40. Serum Cholesterol⭐⭐
41. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) / Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) ⭐⭐
42. Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) / Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ⭐⭐
43. Enzymes estimation in liver disease⭐⭐⭐⭐
44. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia⭐⭐
45. Alkaline Phosphatase⭐⭐
46. Mallory’s Hyaline ⭐⭐
47. Hemochromatosis⭐⭐⭐
48. Hepatic Cysts⭐
49. Hepatic Cysts: Differential Diagnosis by Lab Methods
50. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Explain with Etiology⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
51. Gall Bladder Stones/ Cholelithiasis⭐⭐
52. Gall Bladder Stones/ Cholelithiasis: Pathogenesis ⭐⭐⭐
53. Gall Bladder Stones/ Cholelithiasis: Pathology ⭐⭐
54. Gall Bladder Stones/ Cholelithiasis: Pathophysiology ⭐⭐
55. Gall Bladder Stones/ Cholelithiasis: Types⭐⭐⭐
56. Oedema & Pathogenesis of Ascites in Portal Hypertension
57. Chronic Pancreatitis/ Chronic Relapsing Pancreatitis. ⭐⭐

Oral Cavity & Salivary Glands

Short Notes

1. Pleomorphic Adenoma⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Pleomorphic Adenoma: Gross and Microscopic Morphology⭐⭐⭐
3. Malignant Salivary Gland Tumor⭐
4. Tumors of Salivary Gland
5. Warthin Tumor/ Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum/ Adenolymphoma⭐⭐
6. Oral Cancer: Etiology⭐⭐
7. Oral Cancer: Pathology⭐⭐

Respiratory System

Essay

1. Emphysema⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Pneumonia⭐⭐
3. Lung Cancer/ Bronchogenic Carcinoma
4. Pulmonary Tuberculosis⭐

Short Notes

1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary/Airway Disease (COPD/COAD): Definition & Classification, Brief etiopathogenesis of each type ⭐⭐⭐
2. Emphysema: Definition⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Emphysema: Classification/ Various Types⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Emphysema: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
5. Emphysema: Pathogenesis
6. Emphysema: Pathology
7. Emphysema: Morphology
8. Bronchial Asthma
9. Bronchial Asthma: Pathogenesis⭐⭐
10. Bronchial Asthma: Morphology⭐⭐
11. Bronchiectasis⭐⭐⭐
12. Bronchiectasis: Etiopathogenesis/Pathogenesis/ Casues⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
13. Bronchiectasis: Morphology⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
14. Bronchiectasis: Complications⭐⭐
15. Pneumonia: Definition & Classification⭐⭐
16. Lobular Pneumonia/ Bronchopneumonia⭐⭐
17. Lobar Pneumonia
18. Lobar Pneumonia: Stages⭐⭐⭐
19. Lobar Pneumonia: Gross⭐⭐
20. Lobar Pneumonia: Microscopy ⭐⭐
21. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)
22. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB): Classify
23. Pulmonary Tuberculosis(TB): Etiopathogenesis
24. Pulmonary Tuberculosis(TB): Gross & Microscopic of Primary TB⭐⭐
25. Pulmonary Tuberculosis(TB): Gross & Microscopic of Secondary TB⭐
26. Pulmonary Tuberculosis(TB): How to Investigate?
27. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) / Acute Lung Injury/ Traumatic Wet Lungs / Post Traumatic Respiratory Insufficiency/ Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) / Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
28. Coal worker’s Pneumoconiosis⭐
29. Asbestosis⭐⭐⭐
30. Bronchogenic Carcinoma
31. Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Histological variants
32. Lung Cancer: Classify
33. Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung⭐⭐⭐
34. Adenocarcinoma of lung
35. Lung Cancer: Etiopathogenesis
36. Lung Cancer: Morphology⭐⭐
37. Lung Cancer: Pathology

Systemic Pathology II

Musculoskeletal

Essay

1. Bone Tumors⭐⭐⭐
2. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma:⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma
2. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma: Classify
3. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma: Etiopathogenesis
4. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma: Bones Involved
5. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma: Gross & Microscopy⭐⭐⭐
6. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma: Pathology⭐⭐
7. Osteosarcoma/ Osteogenic Sarcoma: Secondary Osteogenic Sarcoma
8. Osteoclastoma: Explain along with gross and microscopic features⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
9. Osteoporosis
10. Bone Tumors: Classify⭐⭐⭐⭐
11. Gouty Arthritis: Pathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
12. Osteomyelitis
13. Chronic Osteomyelitis: Pathogenesis
14. Pyogenic osteomyelitis⭐⭐
15. Sequestrum & Involucrum
16. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
17. Polymyositis
18. Giant Cell Lesions of Bone
19. Paget Disease of Bone/ Osteitis Deformans⭐⭐

Male & Female Genital Tract

Essay

1. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Ovarian Neoplasm/Tumors⭐⭐⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Seminoma of Testes: Explain along with gross & microscopic features⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Testicular Tumor: Classify
3. Cryptorchidism⭐⭐
4. Teratoma⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Endometriosis⭐⭐
6. Ovarian Dermoid Cyst/ Benign Cystic Teratoma
7. Endometriosis of Ovary
8. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
9. Lab Diagnosis: Cancerous Lesions of Uterine Cervix including pre and early ⭐
10. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Gross and Microscopic Morphological Findings⭐⭐⭐
11. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix : Pathogenesis⭐⭐
12. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix : Etiopathogenesis⭐
13. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix : Pathology
14. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Clinical Features
15. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ / Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Types
16. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Staging
17. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Diagnostic Modalities
18. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Screening Methods for early diagnosis
19. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Etiology ⭐⭐
20. Cervical Cancer/ Carcinoma Cervix/ Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐⭐
21. Dermoid Cyst of Ovary: Explain along with Gross & Microscopic Features⭐
22. Ovarian Tumor: Classify/ Tabulate ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
23. Germ Cell Tumor: Morphological Features
24. Dysgerminoma⭐⭐⭐
25. Dysgerminoma: Gross Features⭐
26. Dysgerminoma: Histopathology⭐
27. Hydatidiform mole⭐⭐⭐
28. Vesicular Mole⭐
29. Vesicular Mole: Pathogenesis
30. Benign Nodular Hyperplasia of Prostate(BNH) / Benign Enlargement of Prostate(BEP) / Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH) / Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia – Explain including Pathogenesis & Morphology- ⭐⭐⭐⭐
31. Leiomyoma
32. Krukenberg Tumor⭐⭐

Endocrine

Essay

1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)⭐
2. Diabetic Nephropathy

Short Note

1. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
2. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Histopathology
3. Diabetic Nephropathy⭐⭐
4. Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis
5. Diabetic Nephropathy: Morphology
6. Diabetes Mellitus: Renal Changes/lesions⭐⭐
7. Diabetes Mellitus: Complications⭐⭐
8. Diabetes Mellitus: Investigations
9. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus(T1DM) : Definition
10. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
11. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) : Pathogenesis
12. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndrome⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
13. Goitre⭐
14. Grave’s Disease⭐
15. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC)⭐⭐
16. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
17. Craniopharyngioma
18. Cushing’s Syndrome

Nervous System (CNS)

Essay

Short Notes

1. CNS Tumors: Classify
2. Meningitis: Role of CSF Analysis⭐
3. Lab Diagnosis of Common Types of Meningitis
4. Tuberculous Meningitis: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis & Findings ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Acute Meningitis: CSF Analytic Findings ⭐⭐
6. Chronic Meningitis: CSF Analytic Findings ⭐⭐
7. Meningioma⭐⭐⭐⭐
8. Opportunistic Infections in AIDS
9. Prion Disease/ Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)/ Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)/ Madcow Disease⭐⭐
10. Acute Pyogenic Meningitis/ Acute Purulent Meningitis- Explain with investigations⭐⭐
11. Acute Pyogenic Meningitis/ Acute Purulent Meningitis- CSF findings⭐
12. Pyogenic Meningitis: Screening Tests
13. Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Skin

Essay

1. Malignant Melanoma⭐

Short Notes

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma/ Rodent Ulcer⭐⭐
2. Foot Melanoma
3. Foot Melanoma: Morbid Anatomy
4. Malignant Melanoma⭐
5. Malignant Melanoma: Pathogenesis
6. Malignant Melanoma: Clinico Pathological Features
7. Malignant Melanoma: Course
8. Pre-malignant lesions of Skin

Breast

Essay

1. Breast Cancer

Short Note

1. Fibrocystic Disease of Breast⭐⭐
2. Phyllodes Tumour/ Cystosarcoma Phyllodes⭐⭐⭐
3. Benign Breast Lesions
4. Medullary Carcinoma of breast⭐
5. Fibroadenoma of Breast⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
6. Breast Tumor Classification⭐
7. Breast Carcinoma: Risk Factors
8. Breast Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors⭐⭐
9. Paget’s Disease of Breast⭐
10. Triple Negative Breast Tumor⭐

Kidney & Lower Urinary Tract

Essays

1. Nephritic Syndrome⭐⭐⭐
2. Nephrotic Syndrome⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (APGN)/ Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis⭐⭐
4. Chronic Pyelonephritis⭐⭐
5. Renal Tumors⭐⭐

Short Notes

1. Nephritic Vs Nephrotic Syndrome
2. Nephrotic Syndrome ⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Nephrotic Syndrome: Definition⭐⭐
4. Nephrotic Syndrome: List the Causes⭐⭐⭐
5. Nephrotic Syndrome: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐
6. Nephrotic Syndrome: Lab Findings⭐⭐⭐⭐
7. Nephrotic Syndrome: Differential Diagnosis⭐⭐
8. Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathology of Various Glomerular Diseases producing this syndrome⭐⭐
9. Nephritic Syndrome⭐⭐
10. Nephritic Syndrome: Definition
11. Nephritic Syndrome: Causes⭐⭐
12. Nephritic Syndrome: Etiology
13. Nephritic Syndrome: Describe any one condition in detail
14. Nephritic Syndrome: Pathology & Lab Diagnosis of Causes of Nephritic Syndrome
15. Minimal Change Disease (MCD) / Lipoid Nephrosis/ Foot Process Disease/ Nil Deposit Disease⭐⭐
16. Minimal Change Disease (MCD) / Lipoid Nephrosis/ Foot Process Disease/ Nil Deposit Disease – Etopathogenesis ⭐
17. Minimal Change Disease (MCD) / Lipoid Nephrosis/ Foot Process Disease/ Nil Deposit Disease – Pathology ⭐
18. Membranous Glomerulonephritis⭐⭐
19. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis⭐⭐
20. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
21. Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
22. Hypernephroma⭐⭐
23. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)/ Crescentic GN/ Extracapillary GN/ Glomerular Crescent⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
24. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)/ Crescentic GN/ Extracapillary GN: Clinical Features
25. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)/ Crescentic GN/ Extracapillary GN: Gross & Microscopic Findings
26. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)/ Crescentic GN/ Extracapillary GN: How to investigate the cause
27. Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (APGN)/ Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis : Etiopathogenesis
28. Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis(APGN)/ Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis : Pathology
29. Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (APGN)/ Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis : Etiopathology⭐⭐
30. Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis(APGN)/ Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis : Lab findings especially Urinary Findings⭐⭐⭐⭐
31. Glomerulonephritis: Etiopathogenesis⭐⭐
32. Acute Glomerulonephritis: Lab Findings⭐⭐
33. Acute Pyelonephritis
34. Acute Pyelonephritis: Predisposing Factors
35. Pyelonephritis: Predisposing factors
36. Chronic Pyelonephritis⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
37. Chronic Pyelonephritis: Histology⭐⭐
38. Chronic Pyelonephritis: Types⭐⭐
39. Chronic Pyelonephritis: Etiology⭐⭐
40. Chronic Pyelonephritis: Pathogenesis⭐⭐
41. Chronic Pyelonephritis: Pathology⭐⭐
42. Renal Changes/Lesions : Diabetes Mellitus: ⭐⭐
43. Renal Changes/Lesions: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)⭐⭐
44. Renal Changes/Lesions: Hypertension⭐⭐
45. Urolithiasis/Nephrolithiasis/ Renal Calculus/ Urinary Calculi : Pathogenesis & Types⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
46. Urothelial (Transitional Cell) Carcinoma of Bladder⭐
47. Urine Microscopy ⭐⭐
48. Renal Stones⭐
49. Renal Tumors: Classify⭐⭐
50. Renal Tumors: Describe any 2 in detail⭐⭐
51. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
52. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) – Etiology ⭐⭐⭐
53. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) – Morphology- Gross & Microscopic⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
54. Renal Function Tests (RFT)⭐⭐
55. Goodpasture Syndrome⭐⭐
56. Wilm’s Tumor: Explain along with gross & microscopic features⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
57. Hypernephroma: Microscopic Features⭐⭐
58. Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLUMP)
59. Papillary Urothelial Neoplas of Unknown Malignant Potential
60. Papillary Necrosis⭐⭐
61. Nephrosclerosis: Benign⭐⭐
62. Nephrosclerosis: Malignant⭐⭐
63. Kidney: Flea Bitten⭐⭐
64. Kidney: Large White⭐⭐
65. Kidney: Contracted Granular⭐⭐
66. Oedema: Explain Renal Oedema/ Oedema of Renal Origin with its pathology⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Soft Tissue Tumors

Essay

Short Notes

Practicals

Histopathology

Gross

Viva FAQs

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