13 Mechanical Asphyxia

Note!!

The number of ‘💀‘ in bracket are the number of times they have been asked under the new CBME pattern (2019 and later). They are also in bold.

The number of ‘💀‘ outside the bracket are the number of times they have been asked under older pattern (2018 and earlier).

MCQs

Disclaimer: Answers are AI generated. Verify Once! Accuracy no more than 70% guaranteed!

1. Lucid interval in head injury is commonly seen in extradural haemorrhage.
2. Fracture of the hyoid bone with thyroid cartilage and bruise in neck muscle is seen in strangulation.
3. Burking is caused due to closure of nose and mouth and pressure on chest wall.

Essays

1. Smothering–
   • Define
   • Pathophysiology of death
   • Postmortem findings
   • Medicolegal aspects
2. Asphyxia
   • Define
   • Classify mechanical asphyxia.
   • Classify asphyxia deaths 💀 💀💀
3. Hanging (💀 💀)💀💀💀
   • Define (💀💀) 💀💀💀
   • Types (💀💀) 💀💀💀
   • Types of Hanging Death
   • Causes of Death💀
   • External and Internal findings in autopsy
   • Antemortem Vs postmortem hanging
   • Postmortem features in complete hanging💀💀
   • Enumerate postmortem findings    (💀 💀) 💀
   • Enumerate antemortem features 
4. Strangulation by ligature-
   • Mechanism of death
   • Postmortem features
   • Medicolegal Importance (MLI)
5. 23/F brought dead to casualty with H/O strangulation.
   • Duties and responsibilities of casualty medical officer in this case?
   • What postmortem findings will you look for to substantiate the history?
6. A 45-year-old female was found to be hanging from the ceiling of her house. The investigating police team visits the site and performs an inquest. Later the body was brought to the mortuary for postmortem examination. While performing the autopsy, the autopsy surgeon notices a ligature mark. The ligature marks were situated 1cm below the thyroid cartilage and measures, 15 cm (length) 3 cm (breadth) the ligature mark was situated 4 cm below right ear and 3.5 cm below  left ear and no ligature mark was noted on the posterolateral aspect of the neck over an area of 6cm. there is a discussion going on about the possible manner of death as some are speculating that the death was due to ligature strangulation.
   • Analyse the findings.
   • Give your findings depending on the usual findings in each case.
7. A forty-year-old male who was missing since a day was found dead in the jungle with a ligature around the neck. The body was recovered and sent for autopsy.
   • What do you understand by bloodless dissection of the neck?
   • What are the possible external and internal autopsy findings in this case?
   • Give your points in favor of and against hanging and ligature strangulation
8. Drowning💀💀💀💀💀
   • Define. 💀💀💀
   • Classify types. 💀💀💀
   • Postmortem findings in typical drowning💀 💀
   • Pathophysiology of freshwater drowning
   • Pathophysiology of saltwater drowning (💀)💀
   • External postmortem findings💀💀💀
   • Internal postmortem findings💀 💀
   • Diatoms Test💀
   • Medicolegal aspects. 💀
   • Causes of death in drowning.

Short Notes

1. Lynching (💀) 💀
2. Café Coronary -(💀)💀 💀 💀💀
3. Hanging Vs Strangulation-(💀)
   • Ligature
   • Postmortem findings
   • Medicolegal aspects
4. Drowning death pathophysiology –  (💀💀)💀
   • Freshwater
   • Salt water (💀💀)
   • Freshwater Vs Salt water
5. Drowning-(💀💀💀)
   • Definition(💀💀)
   • Types(💀💀💀)
   • External and Internal postmortem findings in case of wet drowning.
   • Postmortem findings in sea water drowning
6. Dry drowning
7. Hanging-
   • Definition
   • Types
8. Ligature Mark: Hanging Vs Asphyxia
9. Choking
10. Throttling/ Manual Asphyxia/ Manual Strangulation-💀💀
    • Explain
    • Postmortem findings💀
11. Asphyxia-
    • Define
    • Classical signs of asphyxia death
12. Diatom Test
13. Garrotting
14. Overlaying/ Compression Suffocation
15. Autoerotic death/ Autoerotic asphyxia / Sexual asphyxia/ Asphyxiophilia
16. Burking